Monthly Archives: February 2019

LEAP!

by Elsa Johnson

These days everybody’s gotta have an acronym –  something catchy to remember you by. Well LEAP is catchy. But LEAP where?  What do the letters represent? The short version: Lake Erie Allegheny Partnership. The long version includes two more words whose initials don’t make it into the acronym: for Biodiversity. But there are two more P’s that play a part in this alliterative game I’m playing – Plain, and Plateau.

photo by Laura Dempsey

As in the Lake Erie Lake Plain, and the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau (that area that, thousands of years ago, was covered by glaciers). These are ecoregions lying along the southern shore of Lake Erie, covering an area that stretches from just east of Sandusky to Buffalo, New York. On the western end it dips down in a narrow extension toward Mansfield and Columbus, then back up again before it swoops down at its widest to include Youngstown, before narrowing increasingly and tightening as it pushes up against the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania and New York. It’s an area where northern boreal biome remnants rub up against mixed eastern hardwood remnants, which rub up against more southerly Appalachian forest remnants. Because of all this biological jostling, it is a rich place of diverse and unique habitats and ecosystems, examples of which are to be found within a network of public and private lands throughout the glaciated region of northeastern Ohio, northwestern Pennsylvania, and western New York. The LEAP publication, A Legacy of Living Places, presents an overview of those habitats and where to find them.

A partnership is, of course, a group of people or organizations that come together around a cause or issue. Founded in 2004 and housed within the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, as of January 2018, the LEAP partnership now includes 56 members. Counted among them are cities, park districts, museums, universities, research labs, conservancies and land trusts, watershed districts, nature centers, arboretums, native plant societies, local businesses, and more. Your community or organization could belong, too. What brings all these diverse organizations and entities together, and in sustained communication, is the shared mission of protecting and supporting the LEAP region’s natural biological diversity. There are not a lot of partnerships like it.

photo by Laura Dempsey

Such a broad membership helps dedicated conservation professionals and educators, and enthusiastic conservation nonprofessionals and volunteers, to document and to disseminate information.  LEAP does everything from sponsoring invasive garlic mustard pulls in the springtime, conducting counts of West Virginia White Butterflies at the same time (the butterfly unwittingly lays its eggs on garlic mustard, to their detriment), to tracking the spread of beech leaf disease, or the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the region’s forests. There is a Conservation fund that attracts and distributes funds for conservation and protection projects. In conjunction with and through its partners, LEAP offers workshops, events, and public programs that encourage environmental awareness.

photo by Laura Dempsey

LEAP meets every two months at a different location each meeting. Each meeting is centered on a topic speaker. The next meeting will take place on Wednesday, March 20 at 10 am, at the Nature Center at Shaker Lakes; the topic will be the proposed removal of the dam blocking the Cuyahoga River in Cuyahoga Falls, where the river begins its turn to head north.

Grand River; photo by Laura Dempsey

The yearly publication of the 3 native plants of the year postcards is an example of a LEAP initiative. This card is produced with the intention that it will encourage the use of native plants by landscape designers and property owners, while simultaneously partnering with the nursery industry to create an adequate supply of these plants.

Recent work: Over the past year the LEAP Regional Biodiversity Plan Committee has been working to create a vision document to help guide regional conservation-related activities ranging from land acquisition and conservation easements to policy-making, restoration, and mitigation. It will identify core habitats and supporting landscapes. Gardenopolis Cleveland will write more about this soon.

photo by Laura Dempsey

There are 14 ecoregions recognized in the LEAP area. You can find all these communities listed and described in A Legacy of Living Places. Many example of each are listed, many of which are to be found in area parks and are thus freely open to the public. Others are part of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History’s collection of protected properties, with restricted access only through the museum. Trips are offered throughout the year. Become a member of the museum, if you have not already done so. Check museum scheduled offerings.

photo by Laura Dempsey
photo by Laura Dempsey

Ready for a Break from Winter?

by Lois Rose

Ready for a break from the winter blahs??  Consider planning a four hour drive to Cincinnati this year to see two horticultural gems. 

Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden

The zoo is the second oldest in the country.  It resulted from an infestation of caterpillars in 1872.  Residents created the Society of the Acclimatization of Birds, purchased 1000 birds from Europe and housed them, then released them in 1873, hoping they would eat the caterpillars.  The group changed their name to the Zoological Society of Cincinnati.  So what happened to the caterpillars?

first view of the botanical garden and zoo

Traveling with the Master Gardeners, we were given a guided tour by Director of Horticulture, Steve Foltz. (Tours are available for groups with a donation.)  You approach the zoo and gardens across an impressive bridge over the road, from the parking lot at a lower elevation.  One of the first things you see at arrival is a large sculpture of Fiona, the hippo, who is a kind of mascot and advertising mainstay for the zoo.  The zoo is known for the baby animals born on site, and Fiona is the best known.

Fiona the Hippo

The botanical garden is visited, along with the zoo, by 1.7 million visitors each year. The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden has held annuals trials and displays for 17 years. Over 48,000 annuals are planted and then evaluated by professional staff, volunteers as well as by visitors.  Some of the top ten for 2018 included Begonia Babywing Bicolor, Begonia Megawatt series, Canna Cannova Bronze Scarlet, Coleus Main Street Wall Street, Euphorbia Diamond Mountain and Helianthus Sunfinity. View 2018’s top performers here.

gorgeous mass plantings of annuals

Annuals are used as mass plantings throughout the zoo and in containers. They are a magnet for pollinators, providing nectar and pollen through the season.  (There is ongoing controversy about the relative merits of natives versus cultivars (nativars) for best pollination success. E.g., Monarch butterflies might benefit from pollen or nectar from non-natives but need native Asclepias (milkweed) to lay their eggs.)

In addition to its outstanding displays of annuals, the Horticultural staff has made a serious effort to include hardy plants as well as tropicals that add a flavor to the areas surrounding the animal displays. Bamboo for example is used extensively, as well as perennials and bulbs like Colocasia (elephant ears) with large and interesting leaves to simulate tropical growth.  Large leaved magnolias are used effectively in this way.   Water features, rock outcroppings—natural and artificial, wandering paths that twist and turn, elevation changes, surprises around the next corner—this is an interesting and for those with limits on walking, a challenging tour.

lots of annuals and tropicals
flamingoes passing by

Smale Waterfront Park

For its first 50 years Cincinnati was a village on the river, between Fourth Street and the Ohio. In the 1830s, a building boom expanded the so-called Bottoms neighborhood into a crowded area with the Public Landing as its center.  By the start of World War 1, the area was deteriorated and undesirable.  Until—a few years ago, the space close to the John A Roebling Suspension Bridge (am I in Brooklyn?) brought adventure playgrounds, gardens, swings for grownups—in short, a dramatic and welcomed transformation.

Smale Riverfront Park

As of February 2015, almost $97 million in funding had been secured to construct Smale Riverfront Park, a $120 million project: 20 million was given by John Smale in honor of his wife. The cost per acre to construct was estimated around $2.7 million, compared to Chicago’s Millenium Park at more than $17 million per acre.  An early estimate was that upkeep per year would be around $600,000.

Chosen as designers in 2001, Sasaki Associates were inspired by input of citizens at a series of public meetings and focus groups beginning in 1998. Their design plans fitted into the Park Master Plan, created by Hargreaves Associates and approved in 1999 by pretty much everyone in power.

From a tourist’s point of view, the most impressive feature of the park is probably the John A Roebling Suspension Bridge which was created by the same designer as the Brooklyn Bridge.  Its blue towers stand out over the riverfront, visible from everywhere in the park.  The riverfront baseball stadium, The Great American BallPark, home of the Cincinnati Reds (oldest franchise) is right next door. In fact, on a previous trip, I was able to watch the big screen in the ballpark during a game while I was standing half way across the bridge from Covington. (Pete Rose was there. Wow.)

The park splays out along the river with wandering paths, water features, gardens, playgrounds—in short, much to do for children and their parents.  Away from the river and a roadway, and up some impressively designed stairs with water rushing down beside them, the carousel sits in a fine spot for looking down over the park.  Nearby is a Ferris wheel with great views from the top and further up there are shops and restaurants nearby.

Be sure to try the rope bridge—a little intimidating but worth it.  There are some rocks to climb, a large piano which you play with your feet, stones to leap on in a man-made stream, and many flower beds throughout.  The rose garden is lovely with annuals full of butterflies and bees as well as a variety of well-kept roses.

The swings under a handsome trellis offer a respite and a great view of the river. Speaking of the river, it flooded last year and the park was once again the Bottoms of old. But it seemed very well maintained and as good as new when we were there.

Gardenopolis Around Town

The snow may be keeping us out of our gardens, but it’s not keeping us home! At least one representative of Gardenopolis will be attending each of the events listed below. Hope to see you there!

Bringing Nature Home

Garden as if life depends on itDoug Tallamy, entomologist/author

This free series of talks about ecological gardening is presented by Friends of Lower Lake and Doan Brook Watershed Partnership. Partners include Gardenopolis, Gardenwalk Cleveland Heights, 2019 Cleveland Pollinator and Native Plant Symposium, and the Nature Center at Shaker Lakes.

Go Wild in your Own Yard!
Date: Thursday, February 21, 7-8:30 pm
Location: Brody/Nelson Room, Heights Library, 2345 Lee Road, Cleveland Heights
Discover what local native flowers, ferns, sedges, and shrubs will thrive in your yard to benefit insects, birds, and life on earth.
Presented by Friends of Lower Lake co-chair Peggy Spaeth.

Plant This, Not That
Date: Thursday, March 21, 7-8:30 pm
Location: Room A-B, Heights Library, 2345 Lee Road, Cleveland Heights
Learn how to deal with garden thugs that take over your garden and our natural areas. Why are non-native plants undesirable? Where did they come from and why? Examples of what to plant instead will be discussed.
Presented by Friends of Lower Lake co-chair John Barber.

Not the Last Children in the Woods!
Date: Thursday, April 4, 7-8:30 pm
Location: Stephanie Tubb Jones Community Center Room 114, Shaker Heights
More than 100 children are growing up growing native plants in the Garden Clubs of Onaway and Lomond Elementary Schools in Shaker Heights. Tim Kalan, their art teacher who planted this idea, will talk about how a community as well as healthy habitat has grown up with the gardens.

The Powerful Partnerships of Plants and Pollinators
Date: Thursday, April 11, 7-8:30
Location: Room 1-2, University Heights Library, 13866 Cedar Road, University Heights
Learn what native plants are needed to supply a rich foraging habitat for pollinators and wildlife, in addition to plant communities that provide nest sites for native bees, host plants for butterflies and overwintering refuge for other beneficial insects.
Presented by Ann Cicarella, gardener, beekeeper, and landscape architect as well as the organizer of the annual Cleveland Pollinator and Native Plant Symposium.

Stewardship in our Backyards
Date: Monday, April 22, 7-8:30 pm – Earth Day
Location: Nature Center at Shaker Lakes, 2600 South Park, Cleveland
Join us to learn how the Nature Center maintains our natural areas in an urban environment and easy steps you can take at home to be a good earth steward. In our modern day, leaving nature “to take its course” isn’t enough to preserve healthy habitats. Mother Nature needs a little help from her friends. We’ll talk about the challenges, tools and techniques used to keep our habitats healthy. We will also discuss recent and upcoming projects at the Nature Center.
A Q&A session at the end will provide you with the opportunity to ask Nick Mikash, Nature Center at Shaker Lakes Natural Resources Specialist, your stewardship-related questions. A short hike will follow the presentation.

Other Ohio Events

Garden History: Thomas Jefferson – Landscape Architect
Date: Sunday, February 24, 2-4 pm
Location: Holden Arboretum
Cost: $5 members, $20 nonmembers
Speaker: Greg Cada, OSU Extension
A garden history presentation using the life of Thomas Jefferson to illustrate the horticultural influences that shaped him for producing his landscape architectural and garden projects. Extensive pictures include Colonial Williamsburg, Monticello, Poplar Forest and the University of Virginia. Historic garden restoration and design considerations are included.

Crooked Chronicles: A Century of River Clean Up in Cuyahoga Valley
Date: Friday, March 1, 7-9 pm
Doors open at 6 pm with drop-in tables about current environmental projects.
Location: Happy Days Lodge, 500 W Streetsboro St, Peninsula, OH 44264
Free admission; advance registration preferred
How was the Cuyahoga River transformed from a health hazard to the centerpiece of a national park? A panel of experts piece together the 100-year story within Cuyahoga Valley using historic photos, archival documents, and personal memories. Come join the discussion.
Moderated by the League of Women Voters Akron Area. Supported by West Creek Conservancy, Xtinguish Celebration, Ohio Humanities and Cleveland Humanities Festival.

Ohio Woodland Water and Wildlife Conference
Date: Wednesday, March 6, 9:30 am to 3:30 pm
Location: Mid-Ohio Conference Center, 890 West Fourth Street, Mansfield, OH 44906
Cost: $60 Early Registration, $80 Late Registration
Presentations for the day will cover a wide range of topics and include:
Missing Trees: Effects of the Loss of Ash and Chestnut on Forest Ecosystems
Glyphosate and Pesticide Safety Update
Harmful Alga Blooms in Ponds: Concerns and Mitigation/Management
The Ohio Credible Data Program: Certification Requirements and Training Opportunities
Bird Conservation in Ohio: Past, Present and Future Challenges
Using Social Science as a Tool to Inform Wildlife Management

Author Andrew Reeves Discusses the Asian Carp Crisis and Its Threat to the Great Lakes
Date: Monday, March 25, 7 pm
Location: Hudson Library and Historical Society, 96 Library Street, Hudson, Ohio 44236
Cost: Free with registration
Award-winning environmental journalist Andrew Reeves discusses his book, Overrun: Dispatches from the Asian Carp Crisis. In his book, Reeves traces the carp’s explosive spread throughout North America from an unknown import meant to tackle invasive water weeds to a continental scourge that bulldozes through everything in its path and now threatens to reach the Great Lakes.

Ohio Botanical Symposium
Date: Friday, March 29, 8 am to 4 pm
Location: Villa Milano Banquet and Conference Center, 1630 Schrock Rd. Columbus, OH 43229
Grasslands of the eastern United States, Huffman Prairie, Ohio Pollinator Habitat Initiative, bogs and fens, endangered species conservation, rushes, and best plant discoveries will be highlighted at the 2019 Ohio Botanical Symposium on Friday, March 29. The event also features a media show and displays from a number private and public conservation organizations, as well as vendors offering conservation-related items for purchase. More than 400 botanical enthusiasts attend this every-other year event.
Hosts:
The ODNR Division of Natural Areas and Preserves
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
The Nature Conservancy — Ohio Chapter
Ohio State University Herbarium

Next Silent Spring?
Date: Sunday, April 28, 2-4 pm
Location: Cleveland Museum of Art Recital Hall
Cost: Free
The Northeast Ohio Sierra Club is holding this event to commemorate Earth Day 2019.
Rachel Carson raised the red flag years ago. Pesticides were not only killing insects, but also disrupting the delicate balance of nature. Now history is repeating itself.
Laurel Hopwood, Senior Advisor to Sierra Club’s Pollinator Protection Program, will show the outstanding documentary Nicotine Bees.
Pollinator populations are declining. How does this affect our food supply? How does this affect our entire ecosystem? A panel of experts will discuss how everyone can help move things forward.
● Dr. Mary Gardiner, Associate Professor in the OSU Department of Entomology, and her graduate students have been introducing pollinator pockets throughout vacant lots in Cleveland.
● Tom Gibson, principal of Green Paradigm Partners, uses his soil building and community organizing skills to help revive neighborhoods.
● Elle Adams, founder of City Rising Farm, helps people in underserved communities learn to grow fresh local food and create opportunities in their own neighborhoods.
For more info, please contact Laurel at lhopwood@roadrunner.com

The Old Guard

by Scott Beuerlein; originally printed in Horticulture, Jan/Feb 2019, Vol. 116 Issue 1. Reprinted with permission

LET’S FACE IT, not all people are equal. Perhaps in the eyes of God. Maybe under the law. But in the court of my opinion, they’re just not. Some are way the hell better than others. And the best ones are gardeners. Not new gardeners, God bless them. I’m talking about the battletested old guard. Gardeners on their second round of knee replacements. Weathered, worn and wizened types.

Alchemy happens to those who’ve gardened a long time. The audacity to continually shuffle bits of nature around in the face of cold, hard Darwinian reality, hoping only to nurture a small piece of ground into verdant beauty—well, that’ll teach a person. It’ll smooth rough edges and knock chips from shoulders. In the words of every authority figure from my youth, it builds character.

Which is apparently what you’ve got left after your ego has been blown up, your confidence shattered, your intellect exceeded, your body exhausted, and yet you persevere. And even succeed a little. Anyone who’s gardened long enough knows what I’m saying. Anyone who’s gardened long enough might call it wisdom.

Being outside with nature is the essential ingredient. Other people nurture. Other people are tested. Nurses, for instance. But I’ve seen enough movies to know there’s something seriously wrong with nurses, and my own experience is they force you to wear hospital gowns and chase you around with needles. Too much time inside a hospital will turn the sweetest pea into Nurse Ratched; whereas time outside with the birds, bees and flowers will turn any old jerk into Mr. Green Jeans. Because all that nature reminds us that life is fleeting and of this moment, and it will be here when we’re not. And it will be beautiful just the same. Subconsciously, we garden to find peace, and with enough time working the soil, peace comes.

Yep, gardeners are the best people. They know what they know, and they know that it isn’t even a fraction of it. And gardeners are okay with that. Among what they know is this: gardening is a relationship with nature. And the strongest partner in any relationship is the one who needs it less. In other words, nature has the upper hand on us. And gardeners have come to be okay with that, too.

So, if you want your kids to be good people, start them gardening and yell at them if they try to quit. That’s my advice. Getting sued? Forget a lawyer. Bring a gardener to court with you. If you’re choosing between two surgeons, choose the one with dirt under his or her nails. And, for God’s sake, let us make it a law that a gardener is assigned to every elected politician. Wouldn’t we all sleep better knowing that a friendly, weathered sage with bits of mulch and stems in their pockets has got a pair of dirty boots on that person’s desk, and is saying, “Not so fast, Whippersnapper.”

Scott Beuerlein is a Horticulturist at the Cincinnati Zoo Botanical Garden.

Revisiting Rockman, and Other Exhibits Concerning Art and Nature

by Elsa Johnson

Community

Recently several of Gardenopolis’ editors traveled to the Toledo Museum of Art to see the installation by Rebecca Louise Law.  Composed of a vast multitude of infinitesimally thin wires of natural and artificial materials hanging/descending from a two story ceiling, this was a magical experience, as the pictures show.  Originally installed when most of the materials were fresh, by the next to last week of its run, when we saw it, the flowers, seed heads, and leaves were desiccated, but still entirely recognizable, and often still quite colorful. It was quiet inside the hall in which they hung. If people talked to each other, it was quietly, as if it would be wrong somehow to impose on what was a kind of meditation. There were subtleties to be enjoyed, such as the muted mysterious shadows of the plant materials reflected on the walls by the muted lighting.

Re-visiting Rockman

About a month or so ago we ran an article on the Alexis Rockman art exhibit at MOCA Cleveland: The Great Lakes Cycle (also now closed). That article spurred a query from one reader about why fertilizer contamination is currently a problem in the agricultural lands of northwestern Ohio. To whit: “I thought there were regulations in place.”

Around the same time that I visited the Rockman show, I also attended a panel discussion held at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History on Lake Erie. Two of the participants in particular spoke to this issue, Dr. Laura Johnson, Director of the National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, and Dr. Jeff Reutter, former director of Ohio Sea Grant and Stone Lab. They were two of four panelists. The following is my attempt to corral their part of a discussion — that necessarily jumped about a good bit — into a single organized presentation. Any errors are entirely my own.

What we know: Our lake is a finite resource. It is the 13th largest lake in the world. It is the shallowest of the Great Lakes, and because of that, it is the most productive as a fishery. But this shallowness also makes it extremely vulnerable. The lives of 3,500 species are tied to the health of the lake. Many are now endangered. What happened?

We know that the highly productive farmlands of northwestern Ohio are the result of draining what once was called the Great Black Swamp, a formidable wetland monster that was tamed for agriculture by a system of underground drainage that carries water off the land into ditches, and thence into the natural watershed (primarily the Maumee River). We know that modern farming involves fertilizers, both natural and chemical, being applied to the land at the start of the growing season. But fertilizer doesn’t stay put. Inevitably some of it gets into the watershed. In the late 1960’s people realized the shallowest part of Lake Erie, the Western Basin, was, as a result, becoming a giant cesspool. Regulation followed, and, for a time, it was better. Around the year 2000, however, the quality of the water again took a turn for the worse. Here are two of the panel members explaining this.

Dr. Jeff Reuter: Mid 1990 to the present has seen an increase in dissolved phosphorus entering the lake, which is a form that is very easy for the harmful algae to use. In 2008, 3,800 tons of phosphorus entered Lake Erie from the Maumee watershed, the largest of Lake Erie’s tributary watersheds.  To reduce phosphorus from agriculture entering Lake Erie, we are using a system of voluntary incentives and disincentives meaning that we are offering only carrots, not sticks. We are also seeing the impact of climate change, with more severe storms producing more run off. The system sets up a false dichotomy of farm economy against lake economy (that lake economy is valued at 14 billion dollars).  We want both.

Dr. Laura Johnson: It does not take a lot of phosphorus in the warm shallow waters of the western basin to cause a nuisance problem…. i.e., a lot of farms, leaking a little bit. Most farmers now apply at recommended rates and data suggests that application of phosphorus and removal via crops is largely in balance. The best reasoning for the losses is that phosphorus application on the soil surface associated with broadcasting in the fall combined with the massive system of subsurface tile drainage is allowing for excess dissolved phosphorus loss. Thus efforts should be focused on nutrient management- that is applying phosphorus at the right rate, time, and place.  For instance, some studies suggest inject phosphorus fertilizer deeper than 2 inches in the soil could reduce losses by 60%. However, there needs to be more incentives to provide the appropriate technology to farmers to increase the use of this practice. 

We’ve had some extremely large blooms since 2008, some of which were very toxic.  The toxin produced by these cyanobacteria, Microcystin, is more toxic than cyanide. Although these toxins are filtered out at the drinking water treatment facility, the costs have increased drastically and can be over $10,000 a day in Toledo during bad blooms years.  The high level of toxins entering this plants could get to a point where it overwhelms filtering capabilities.   At the present time the western basin is the most affected, but the blooms in the western basin move over to the central basin threatening water intakes there as well.  The central basin also has different blooms that prove challenging for the region.  Clevelanders will be relieved to know that, unlike Toledo, Cleveland has multiple water intakes, thus, Cleveland’s water supply is not as vulnerable.

An artist of our own

The artist Charles Burchfield was born in Ashtabula Harbor (I am taking this from explanatory material from the exhibit – and I don’t know about you, but upon reading this I found myself hoping he wasn’t literally born in Ashtabula Harbor), and studied at The Cleveland School of Art (now CIA). After WWI he returned to northeast Ohio. Burchfield, like Rockman, was a watercolorist, but to a very different purpose. Both are representational painters, but where Rockman uses his considerable skill to create hyper-realistic paintings that are muralistic, that tell a story of environmental purity and degradation over time, Burchfield used color and form in small paintings that express personal emotion and mood through landscape. For example, in the picture of the tree with the branches reaching up to a glowing sun, Burchfield suggests the divine influence he saw in nature.

In another painting, the accompanying sign explains, an orange stream divides an area of barren yellow from an area of lush green, suggesting the impact of mining – often abandoned after the resource had been depleted — on the eastern Ohio landscape.

Even Burchfield’s pencil drawing of a chestnut tree, while explicitly representational, seems deeply imbued with mood.

The Burchfield exhibit is current and can be found in the small gallery opposite the gift shop at the Cleveland Museum of Art. A reminder for seniors: if you are a member, parking is free on Tuesdays.